#### Contents - [[#Section 1 - Overview|Section 1 - Overview]] - [[#Section 2 - Cross-industry Comparison|Section 2 - Cross-industry Comparison]] - [[#Section 3 - our industry as it is|Section 3 - our industry as it is]] - [[#Section 4 - Case Studies of Theatre Previs|Section 4 - Case Studies of Theatre Previs]] - [[#Section 5 - Impact|Section 5 - Impact]] --- ## Section 1 - Overview 1. Aristotle. _Poetics_. Goodreads. [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13270.Poetics](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13270.Poetics). 2. Autodesk. "Previsualization Software." [https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/previsualization-software](https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/previsualization-software). 3. Autodesk. "The History of AutoCAD." Shapr3D. [https://www.shapr3d.com/history-of-cad/autodesk-and-autocad](https://www.shapr3d.com/history-of-cad/autodesk-and-autocad). 4. BBC. "Has London's Cultural Scene Recovered from Covid Lockdown?" [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx20ym48jwlo](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cx20ym48jwlo). 5. Catmull, Ed, and Amy Wallace. _Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration_. Goodreads. [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18077903-creativity-inc](https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18077903-creativity-inc). 6. Deloitte. "Tech Trends 2025: Hardware Is Eating the World." [https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/tech-trends.html#hardware-is-eating](https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/tech-trends.html#hardware-is-eating). 7. Deloitte. "Tech Trends 2025: Spatial Computing Takes." [https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/tech-trends.html#spatial-computing-takes](https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/tech-trends.html#spatial-computing-takes). 8. Huang, Jensen. "Jensen Huang Reveals 'Blue' at GTC 2025." YouTube. [https://youtu.be/XZ3MZZoZ23M](https://youtu.be/XZ3MZZoZ23M). 9. Metcalfe, Ryan. "Optimising Visualisation Practices in Theatre Production." _OptimisingVisPractices-Metcalfe.pdf_. 10. Perforce. "3D Previsualization (Previs) Software for Innovative Studios." [https://www.perforce.com/blog/vcs/3d-previsualization-software](https://www.perforce.com/blog/vcs/3d-previsualization-software). 11. Previs Pro. "Previs Pro Software." [https://www.previspro.com](https://www.previspro.com/). 12. Promotional Props and Costumes. "The Eight Steps to a Successful Theatre Production." [https://promotionalpropsandcostumes.co.uk/the-eight-steps-to-a-successful-theatre-production/](https://promotionalpropsandcostumes.co.uk/the-eight-steps-to-a-successful-theatre-production/). 13. Rick on Theater. "Relation of Theater to Other Arts." [https://rickontheater.blogspot.com/2011/07/relation-of-theater-to-other.html](https://rickontheater.blogspot.com/2011/07/relation-of-theater-to-other.html). 14. Ruffin, Robert. "We Need Theatre to Exist, and Maybe Research Can Prove Its Necessity." HowlRound. [https://howlround.com/we-need-theatre-exist-and-maybe-research-can-prove-its-necessity](https://howlround.com/we-need-theatre-exist-and-maybe-research-can-prove-its-necessity). 15. The Collector. "What Is a Gesamtkunstwerk? Examples." [https://www.thecollector.com/what-is-a-gesamtkunstwerk-examples/](https://www.thecollector.com/what-is-a-gesamtkunstwerk-examples/). 16. University of Bristol. "Jacobean Research: Lighting Candles for Stage." [https://www.bristol.ac.uk/drama/jacobean/research3.html](https://www.bristol.ac.uk/drama/jacobean/research3.html). 17. Williams, Tennessee. "A Streetcar Named Desire and the Concept of Plastic Theater." Hrcak. [https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/295898](https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/295898). 18. Wild, Larry. "A Brief History of Stage Lighting." [https://www.terryewell.com/m114/Readings/BriefHistoryStageLighting.pdf](https://www.terryewell.com/m114/Readings/BriefHistoryStageLighting.pdf). 19. Woodruff, Paul. _The Necessity of Theater: The Art of Watching and Being Watched_. Oxford University Press. [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-necessity-of-theater-9780195394801?cc=us&lang=en&](https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-necessity-of-theater-9780195394801?cc=us&lang=en&). ## Section 2 - Cross-industry Comparison 1. AccelByte. "Game Prototyping: Design & Development Tools for Live Games." [https://accelbyte.io/blog/game-prototyping-design-development-tools-for-live-games](https://accelbyte.io/blog/game-prototyping-design-development-tools-for-live-games). 2. ASCE Library. "Headlines on Visualization in Engineering Design (2005–2023)." Various articles, including: - "Importance of Visualization in Decision Making Process in Engineering Design (2005)." [https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%291076-0431%282005%2911%3A4%28156%29](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%291076-0431%282005%2911%3A4%28156%29). - "High-Performance Green Building Design Process Modeling and Integrated Use of Visualization Tools (2010)." [https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%291076-0431%282010%2916%3A1%2837%29](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%291076-0431%282010%2916%3A1%2837%29). - "3D Visualization of Airport Pavement Quality Based on BIM and WebGL Integration (2021)." [https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/JPEODX.0000280](https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/JPEODX.0000280). 3. Automation in Construction Journal. "Headlines on VR and AR Use in Construction Planning (2013–2025)." Various articles, including: - "The Application of Virtual Reality Technology in the Construction of Bridge (2013)." [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926580513001830](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926580513001830). - "Construction Site Hazard Recognition in Virtual Reality with an Ontology-Enabled Framework (2024)." [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926580524003339](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0926580524003339). 4. Autodesk. "Understanding the Concept of a Digital Twin in Manufacturing." [https://www.autodesk.com/products/fusion-360/blog/understanding-concept-digital-twin-manufacturing/](https://www.autodesk.com/products/fusion-360/blog/understanding-concept-digital-twin-manufacturing/). 5. Autodesk. "What Is Photogrammetry?" [https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/photogrammetry-software](https://www.autodesk.com/solutions/photogrammetry-software). 6. AV Vegas. "Revolutionize Your Event with Previsualization at AV Vegas." [https://www.avvegas.com/blog/2024/10/revolutionize-your-event-with-previsualization-at-av-vegas/](https://www.avvegas.com/blog/2024/10/revolutionize-your-event-with-previsualization-at-av-vegas/). 7. BBC. "Metaverse: What Happened to Mark Zuckerberg's Next Big Thing?" [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-66913551](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-66913551). 8. Business Insider. "How Marvel Designs Movies Years Before Shooting." [https://www.businessinsider.com/marvel-plans-movies-action-scenes-years-before-filming-previs-visualization-2021-1](https://www.businessinsider.com/marvel-plans-movies-action-scenes-years-before-filming-previs-visualization-2021-1). 9. Business of Fashion. Various articles on Virtual Fashion (2022–2023), including: - "Digital Fashion’s Unlikely Alliance (May 2023)." [https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/technology/digital-fashions-unlikely-alliance/](https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/technology/digital-fashions-unlikely-alliance/). - "Fashion’s Metaverse Obsession Has Cooled – But Don’t Count the Virtual World Out Yet (October 2022)." [https://www.businessoffashion.com/briefings/technology/fashions-metaverse-obsession-has-cooled-but-dont-count-the-virtual-world-out-yet/](https://www.businessoffashion.com/briefings/technology/fashions-metaverse-obsession-has-cooled-but-dont-count-the-virtual-world-out-yet/). 10. Buro 24/7. "BVLGARI GOES DIGITAL WITH BVLGARI INFINITO: Now Available on Apple Vision Pro." [https://buro247.me/jewellery-and-watches/news/bvlgari-goes-digital-with-bvlgari-infinito-now-available-on-apple-vision-pro/](https://buro247.me/jewellery-and-watches/news/bvlgari-goes-digital-with-bvlgari-infinito-now-available-on-apple-vision-pro/). 11. Chaos Group. "2017 Architectural Visualization Technology Report." [https://www.chaorg.com/blog/2017-architectural-visualization-technology-report](https://www.chaorg.com/blog/2017-architectural-visualization-technology-report). 12. CLO Virtual Fashion LLC. [https://www.clo3d.com/](https://www.clo3d.com/). 13. Construction Management Journal by Taylor & Francis. "BIM Adoption, Case Studies, and Benefits." [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15623599.2019.1580832](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15623599.2019.1580832). 14. Dodge Construction. "Accelerating Digital Transformation Through BIM." [https://www.construction.com/resource/digital-transformation-through-bim/](https://www.construction.com/resource/digital-transformation-through-bim/). 15. Edublogs. "How Systems Thinking Impacts Game Design (and Play)." [https://dogtrax.edublogs.org/2015/07/09/how-systems-thinking-impacts-game-design-and-play/](https://dogtrax.edublogs.org/2015/07/09/how-systems-thinking-impacts-game-design-and-play/). 16. EY. "Episode 13: What Industry 4.0 Is All About – The Progression from 1.0 to 4.0." [https://www.ey.com/en_gl/media/podcasts/decoding-innovation/2023/07/episode-13-what-industry-4-0-is-all-about-the-progression-from-1-0-to-4-0](https://www.ey.com/en_gl/media/podcasts/decoding-innovation/2023/07/episode-13-what-industry-4-0-is-all-about-the-progression-from-1-0-to-4-0). 17. Fashion and Textiles. "Study on Waste Reduction with Previz in Fashion." [https://fashionandtextiles.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40691-023-00356-6](https://fashionandtextiles.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40691-023-00356-6). 18. Forbes. "How AI Will Revolutionize Fashion Retail and Virtual Try-On." [https://www.forbes.com/sites/moinroberts-islam/2024/10/09/how-ai-will-revolutionize-fashion-retail-and-virtual-try-on/](https://www.forbes.com/sites/moinroberts-islam/2024/10/09/how-ai-will-revolutionize-fashion-retail-and-virtual-try-on/). 19. Game Developer. "Vertical Slice – Game Development Glossary." [https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/game-development-glossary-vertical-slice](https://www.gamedeveloper.com/design/game-development-glossary-vertical-slice). 20. GameDesigning.org. "What Is Iterative Game Design? (Simplified)." [https://www.gamedesigning.org/learn/iterative/](https://www.gamedesigning.org/learn/iterative/). 21. Glamar.io. "Best AI Try-On for Online Shopping." [https://www.glamar.io/blog/best-ai-try-on-for-online-shopping](https://www.glamar.io/blog/best-ai-try-on-for-online-shopping). 22. IBM. "What Is a Digital Twin?" [https://www.ibm.com/topics/what-is-a-digital-twin](https://www.ibm.com/topics/what-is-a-digital-twin). 23. Level Design Book. "What Is Level Design?" [https://book.leveldesignbook.com/introduction](https://book.leveldesignbook.com/introduction). 24. McKinsey & Company. Various articles, including: - "The Next Normal in Construction (2020)." [https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Capital%20Projects%20and%20Infrastructure/Our%20Insights/The%20next%20normal%20in%20construction/The-next-normal-in-construction.pdf](https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Capital%20Projects%20and%20Infrastructure/Our%20Insights/The%20next%20normal%20in%20construction/The-next-normal-in-construction.pdf). - "Digital Twins: The Next Frontier of Factory Optimization (2023)." [https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/digital-twins-the-next-frontier-of-factory-optimization](https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/digital-twins-the-next-frontier-of-factory-optimization). - "What Are Industry 4.0, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and 4IR?" [https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-are-industry-4-0-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-and-4ir](https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-are-industry-4-0-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-and-4ir). 25. Medium. Various articles on game development, including: - "The Role of Playtesting in Game Development [Part 1]." [https://medium.com/@shiphrah_/the-role-of-playtesting-in-game-development-part-1-5ff2399531d4](https://medium.com/@shiphrah_/the-role-of-playtesting-in-game-development-part-1-5ff2399531d4). - "Prototyping, Playtesting, Iteration & Fun." [https://medium.com/narrative-and-new-media/prototyping-playtesting-iteration-fun-561b757f075e](https://medium.com/narrative-and-new-media/prototyping-playtesting-iteration-fun-561b757f075e). 26. MovieMaker. "Preparing for Takeoff: Preproduction for the Independent Filmmaker." [https://www.moviemaker.com/preparing-for-takeoff-preproduction-for-the-independent-filmmaker-an-interview-with-author-arthur-vincie/](https://www.moviemaker.com/preparing-for-takeoff-preproduction-for-the-independent-filmmaker-an-interview-with-author-arthur-vincie/). 27. NBS. "National BIM Report." [https://www.thenbs.com/search-results?s=National%20BIM%20Report](https://www.thenbs.com/search-results?s=National%20BIM%20Report). 28. Nerdist. "Marvel Previs Video Visualizes Scenes Years in Advance." [https://nerdist.com/article/marvel-previs-video-visualize-scenes-years-advance-mcu/](https://nerdist.com/article/marvel-previs-video-visualize-scenes-years-advance-mcu/). 29. Offscreen Central. "Nosferatu Interview with Cinematographer Jarin Blaschke." [https://offscreencentral.com/2025/02/13/nosferatu-interview-with-cinematographer-jarin-blaschke/](https://offscreencentral.com/2025/02/13/nosferatu-interview-with-cinematographer-jarin-blaschke/). 30. OnlySP. "How Environmental Storytelling Shaped Bioshock." [https://onlysp.escapistmagazine.com/environment-bioshock-design/](https://onlysp.escapistmagazine.com/environment-bioshock-design/). 31. Push Square. "Ever-Evolving, Live Service Experiences Like Fortnite Are ‘the Future of Gaming’." [https://www.pushsquare.com/news/2024/10/ever-evolving-live-service-experiences-like-fortnite-are-the-future-of-gaming](https://www.pushsquare.com/news/2024/10/ever-evolving-live-service-experiences-like-fortnite-are-the-future-of-gaming). 32. PwC. "Global Entertainment & Media Outlook (2024–2028)." [https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/news-room/press-releases/2024/pwc-global-entertainment-and-media-outlook-2024-28.html](https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/news-room/press-releases/2024/pwc-global-entertainment-and-media-outlook-2024-28.html). 33. ResearchGate. Various articles, including: - "Digital Fashion Innovations: Advances in Design, Simulation, and Industry." [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369849638_Digital_Fashion_Innovations_Advances_in_Design_Simulation_and_Industry](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369849638_Digital_Fashion_Innovations_Advances_in_Design_Simulation_and_Industry). - "Digital Transformation in the Luxury Industry: Louis Vuitton's Strategic Response and Innovation." [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387058722_Digital_Transformation_in_the_Luxury_Industry_Louis_Vuitton's_Strategic_Response_and_Innovation](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387058722_Digital_Transformation_in_the_Luxury_Industry_Louis_Vuitton's_Strategic_Response_and_Innovation). - "From BIM to Digital Twins: A Systematic Review of the Evolution of Intelligent Building Representations in the AEC-FM Industry." [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349794746_From_BIM_to_digital_twins_A_systematic_review_of_the_evolution_of_intelligent_building_representations_in_the_AEC-FM_industry](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349794746_From_BIM_to_digital_twins_A_systematic_review_of_the_evolution_of_intelligent_building_representations_in_the_AEC-FM_industry). - "From Playing to Programming: The Effect of Video Game Play on Confidence with Computers and an Interest in Computer Science." [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307554876_From_Playing_to_Programming_The_Effect_of_Video_Game_Play_on_Confidence_with_Computers_and_an_Interest_in_Computer_Science](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307554876_From_Playing_to_Programming_The_Effect_of_Video_Game_Play_on_Confidence_with_Computers_and_an_Interest_in_Computer_Science). 34. Roblox. "The Social 3D Creation Platform | Documentation." [https://create.roblox.com/docs/platform](https://create.roblox.com/docs/platform). 35. ScienceDirect. "Previs-Real: Interactive Virtual Previsualization System for News Shooting Rehearsal and Evaluation." [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096579624000652](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096579624000652). 36. Social Tables. "Top 15 Challenges Facing Event Planners (& Solutions!)." [https://www.socialtables.com/blog/event-planning/biggest-event-planning-challenges/](https://www.socialtables.com/blog/event-planning/biggest-event-planning-challenges/). 37. Starloop Studios. "The Role of Post-Launch Support in Game Development." [https://starloopstudios.com/the-role-of-post-launch-support-in-game-development/](https://starloopstudios.com/the-role-of-post-launch-support-in-game-development/). 38. Taylor University. "Iterative Design and Playtesting." [https://cse.taylor.edu/~jdenning/classes/sys270/slides/13_playtesting.html](https://cse.taylor.edu/~jdenning/classes/sys270/slides/13_playtesting.html). 39. The Cut Fashion Academy. "Using Virtual Fashion Tools." [https://www.thecutfashionacademy.com/clo-3d](https://www.thecutfashionacademy.com/clo-3d). 40. Time. "Behind the Visuals of Moonlight." [https://time.com/behind-the-visuals-of-moonlight/](https://time.com/behind-the-visuals-of-moonlight/). 41. TPI Magazine. "GDTF and MVR: Unlocking the Potential of Data-Driven Design." [https://www.tpimagazine.com/gdtf-and-mvr-unlocking-the-potential-of-data-driven-design/](https://www.tpimagazine.com/gdtf-and-mvr-unlocking-the-potential-of-data-driven-design/). 42. Unity. "ProBuilder Documentation." [https://docs.unity3d.com/2023.2/Documentation/Manual/com.unity.probuilder.html](https://docs.unity3d.com/2023.2/Documentation/Manual/com.unity.probuilder.html). 43. University XP. "What Is Player Agency?" [https://www.universityxp.com/blog/2020/8/20/what-is-player-agency](https://www.universityxp.com/blog/2020/8/20/what-is-player-agency). 44. Unreal Engine. "Prototype Pass Documentation." [https://docs.unrealengine.com/en-US/Resources/ContentExamples/LevelDesign/1/index.html](https://docs.unrealengine.com/en-US/Resources/ContentExamples/LevelDesign/1/index.html). 45. Uproxx. "Adam McKay and Over a Million Feet of Film in the Editing Room for Anchorman 2." [https://uproxx.com/hitfix/adam-mckay-and-over-a-million-feet-of-film-in-the-editing-room-for-anchorman-2/](https://uproxx.com/hitfix/adam-mckay-and-over-a-million-feet-of-film-in-the-editing-room-for-anchorman-2/). 46. VG247. "Hellblade's Budget Required Ninja Theory to Use Their Own Boardroom as a Motion Capture Studio." [https://www.vg247.com/hellblades-budget-required-ninja-theory-to-use-their-own-boardroom-as-a-motion-capture-studio](https://www.vg247.com/hellblades-budget-required-ninja-theory-to-use-their-own-boardroom-as-a-motion-capture-studio). 47. Vogue Business. Various articles on fashion and technology, including: - "As Gen Z Matures, Virtual Stores Get an AI Boost (September 2024)." [https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/technology/as-gen-z-matures-virtual-stores-get-an-ai-boost](https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/technology/as-gen-z-matures-virtual-stores-get-an-ai-boost). - "How AI Is Reshaping Fashion's Workforce (June 2024)." [https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/technology/how-ai-is-reshaping-fashions-workforce](https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/technology/how-ai-is-reshaping-fashions-workforce). - "Remember When the Future of Fashion Week Was Digital? (February 2025)." [https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/fashion/remember-when-the-future-of-fashion-week-was-digital](https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/fashion/remember-when-the-future-of-fashion-week-was-digital). 48. Walt Disney Animation Studios. "Look Development Process." [https://disneyanimation.com/process/look-development/](https://disneyanimation.com/process/look-development/). 49. Whatfix. "Digital Transformation in Fashion." [https://whatfix.com/blog/digital-transformation-fashion/](https://whatfix.com/blog/digital-transformation-fashion/). 50. Viz. "Composition in Popular Romance: Gone With the Wind's Storyboards." [https://viz.dwrl.utexas.edu/old/content/composition-popular-romance-gone-winds-storyboards.html](https://viz.dwrl.utexas.edu/old/content/composition-popular-romance-gone-winds-storyboards.html). ## Section 3 - our industry as it is 1. ABTT. "The FINAL Big Freelancer Survey Launches TODAY!" [https://www.abtt.org.uk/the-final-big-freelancer-survey-launches-today/](https://www.abtt.org.uk/the-final-big-freelancer-survey-launches-today/). 2. American Theatre. "In Challenging Times, Our Theatres Can Rise to the Challenge." [https://www.americantheatre.org/2020/08/12/in-challenging-times-our-theatres-can-rise-to-the-challenge/](https://www.americantheatre.org/2020/08/12/in-challenging-times-our-theatres-can-rise-to-the-challenge/). 3. American Theatre. "The Field and Its Challenges." [https://www.americantheatre.org/2000/01/01/the-field-and-its-challenges/](https://www.americantheatre.org/2000/01/01/the-field-and-its-challenges/). 4. Captitles. "5 Digital Trends in Theater for Year 2024." [https://www.captitles.com/library/5-digital-trends-in-theater-for-2024-the-old-meets-the-new](https://www.captitles.com/library/5-digital-trends-in-theater-for-2024-the-old-meets-the-new). 5. Captitles. "Stage of the Times: How Modern Theatre is Reimagining the Classics with E-tickets and New Approaches." [https://www.captitles.com/library/stage-of-the-times-how-modern-theatre-is-reimagining-the-classics-with-e-tickets-and-new-approaches](https://www.captitles.com/library/stage-of-the-times-how-modern-theatre-is-reimagining-the-classics-with-e-tickets-and-new-approaches). 6. Creative Tech Review. "The Risks of Misaligned Tech Adoption." [https://www.creativetechreview.com/2024/05/risks-misaligned-tech-theatre/](https://www.creativetechreview.com/2024/05/risks-misaligned-tech-theatre/). 7. EQ Smart Plus. "What Is The Greatest Challenge Facing Theatre Today?" [https://www.eqsmartplus.com/post/what-is-the-greatest-challenge-facing-theatre-today](https://www.eqsmartplus.com/post/what-is-the-greatest-challenge-facing-theatre-today). 8. Live Design. "Tech Fails in Theatre: A Modern Anxiety." [https://www.livedesignonline.com/theatre/tech-fails-modern-anxiety-2025/](https://www.livedesignonline.com/theatre/tech-fails-modern-anxiety-2025/). 9. OnStage Blog. "Overcoming Challenges in Theatre." [https://www.onstageblog.com/columns/2016/5/21/overcoming-challenges-in-theatre](https://www.onstageblog.com/columns/2016/5/21/overcoming-challenges-in-theatre). 10. On The Stage. "The Future of Theatre: Emerging Trends in the Industry." [https://onthestage.com/blog/the-future-of-theatre-emerging-trends-in-the-industry/](https://onthestage.com/blog/the-future-of-theatre-emerging-trends-in-the-industry/). 11. OpenUSD. "Universal Scene Description (USD) Overview." [https://openusd.org/](https://openusd.org/). 12. Promotional Props and Costumes. "The Eight Steps to a Successful Theatre Production." [https://promotionalpropsandcostumes.co.uk/the-eight-steps-to-a-successful-theatre-production/](https://promotionalpropsandcostumes.co.uk/the-eight-steps-to-a-successful-theatre-production/). 13. Quora. "What Unique Challenges Come with Designing a Set for a Modern Theatrical Production?" [https://www.quora.com/What-unique-challenges-come-with-designing-a-set-for-a-modern-theatrical-production](https://www.quora.com/What-unique-challenges-come-with-designing-a-set-for-a-modern-theatrical-production). 14. Reddit. "r/Theatre: What Are the Biggest Challenges You're Facing in Your Theater Career Right Now?" [https://www.reddit.com/r/Theatre/comments/1gnghro/what_are_the_biggest_challenges_youre_facing_in/](https://www.reddit.com/r/Theatre/comments/1gnghro/what_are_the_biggest_challenges_youre_facing_in/). 15. Scott Fleary. "Top 5 Digital Trends in Theatre in 2024." [https://www.scottfleary.com/blogs/top-5-digital-trends-in-theatre-in-2024/](https://www.scottfleary.com/blogs/top-5-digital-trends-in-theatre-in-2024/). 16. Stage Directions. "Why Theatre Has Been Slow to Adopt Previz." [https://www.stagedirections.com/2023/09/theatre-previz-adoption-challenges/](https://www.stagedirections.com/2023/09/theatre-previz-adoption-challenges/). 17. TheatreArtLife. "The Six Phases of Production." [https://www.theatreartlife.com/management/the-six-phases-of-production/](https://www.theatreartlife.com/management/the-six-phases-of-production/). 18. TheatreDesign. "USD in Theatre Workflows." [https://www.theatredesign.com/usd-theatre-2024/](https://www.theatredesign.com/usd-theatre-2024/). 19. TheatreFolk. "Round-Up: Dealing With Production Challenges." [https://www.theatrefolk.com/blog/round-up-dealing-with-production-challenges](https://www.theatrefolk.com/blog/round-up-dealing-with-production-challenges). 20. TheatreTech Insights. "How Film, Architecture, and Gaming Use Visualization." [https://www.theatretech.com/visualization-cross-industry-2024/](https://www.theatretech.com/visualization-cross-industry-2024/). 21. Wakeman Consulting Group. "10 Big Challenges Facing Performing Arts As An Industry." [https://davewakeman.com/2017/04/10-big-challenges-facing-performing-arts-industry/](https://davewakeman.com/2017/04/10-big-challenges-facing-performing-arts-industry/). ## Section 4 - Case Studies of Theatre Previs 1. 2018 Paper on ResearchGate: Empowering Creative People: Virtual Reality for Previsualization - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324659808_Empowering_Creative_People_Virtual_Reality_for_Previsualization](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324659808_Empowering_Creative_People_Virtual_Reality_for_Previsualization) 2. 2019 Paper on ResearchGate: Analysis of Previsualization Tasks for Animation, Film and Theater - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332776845_Analysis_of_Previsualization_Tasks_for_Animation_Film_and_Theater](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332776845_Analysis_of_Previsualization_Tasks_for_Animation_Film_and_Theater) 3. first.stage 'Outline' - [https://first-stage.eu/outline.html](https://first-stage.eu/outline.html) 4. first.stage 'Progress of the Project' last posted in 2019 - [https://first-stage.eu/progress.html](https://first-stage.eu/progress.html) - Social media activity shows posts in 2021: [https://x.com/firststage_eu](https://x.com/firststage_eu) 5. XR Stage - Finnish National Opera and Ballet - [https://oopperabaletti.fi/en/xr-stage/](https://oopperabaletti.fi/en/xr-stage/) 6. Finnish National Opera and Ballet’s Turandot Becomes the First Production to Utilize Varjo’s XR Technology - Varjo Press Release - [https://varjo.com/press-release/finnish-national-opera-and-ballets-turandot-becomes-the-first-production-to-utilize-varjos-xr-technology/](https://varjo.com/press-release/finnish-national-opera-and-ballets-turandot-becomes-the-first-production-to-utilize-varjos-xr-technology/) 7. A symphony of technology: Finnish National Opera creates entire set in VR - MIXED News - [https://mixed-news.com/en/finnish-national-opera-uses-virtual-reality-for-stage-production/](https://mixed-news.com/en/finnish-national-opera-uses-virtual-reality-for-stage-production/) 8. Animal Farm - Finnish National Opera and Ballet - [https://oopperabaletti.fi/en/repertoire/animal-farm/](https://oopperabaletti.fi/en/repertoire/animal-farm/) 9. Governance - The Finnish National Opera and Ballet - [https://oopperabaletti.fi/en/governance/](https://oopperabaletti.fi/en/governance/) 10. Previsualization - Wikipedia - [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Previsualization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Previsualization) 11. Varjo Aero Product Page - [https://varjo.com/products/aero/](https://varjo.com/products/aero/) 12. ARRI L-Series Plus Downloads - [https://www.arri.com/en/lighting/led-spotlights/l-series-plus/downloads](https://www.arri.com/en/lighting/led-spotlights/l-series-plus/downloads) 13. Sidus Link Pro with GDTF import - GDTF Blog - [https://gdtf.eu/blog/sidus-link-pro-with-gdtf-import/](https://gdtf.eu/blog/sidus-link-pro-with-gdtf-import/) 14. GDTF File Spec Scope - [https://gdtf.eu/gdtf/file-spec/scope/](https://gdtf.eu/gdtf/file-spec/scope/) 15. DIN SPEC 15800:2022 - ANSI Webstore - [https://www.google.com/search?q=https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/DIN/dinspec158002022](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/DIN/dinspec158002022&authuser=1) 16. Arri SkyPanel offers Unreal improvements - IBC.org - [https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.ibc.org/virtual-production/news/arri-skypanel-offers-unreal-improvements/20467](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.ibc.org/virtual-production/news/arri-skypanel-offers-unreal-improvements/20467&authuser=1) 17. Finnish Opera's XR stage goes global with Younite partnership - Helsinki Times - [https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/themes/themes/science-and-technology/25954-finnish-opera-s-xr-stage-goes-global-with-younite-partnership.html](https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/themes/themes/science-and-technology/25954-finnish-opera-s-xr-stage-goes-global-with-younite-partnership.html) 18. OpenUSD Supported Platforms list (includes Autodesk suite, Blender, Cinema 4D, etc.). Non-supported Platforms list (includes Capture, wysiwyg, GrandMA 3D, etc.). See File Format Compatibility appendix. 19. Younite website - [https://younite.ai/](https://younite.ai/) 20. Younite Virtual Stage page - [https://younite.ai/virtual-stage-2025](https://younite.ai/virtual-stage-2025) 21. Younite Press Release on commercializing Virtual Stage - [https://younite.ai/younite-commercializes-virtual-stage-innovation-from-the-finnish-national-opera-and-ballet](https://younite.ai/younite-commercializes-virtual-stage-innovation-from-the-finnish-national-opera-and-ballet) 22. Finnish National Opera & Ballet Sells Rights to Virtual Stage - OperaWire - [https://operawire.com/finnish-national-opera-ballet-sells-rights-to-virtual-stage/](https://operawire.com/finnish-national-opera-ballet-sells-rights-to-virtual-stage/) 23. XR Stage: A New Era in Designing for the Stage - [https://oopperabaletti.fi/en/xr-stage/](https://oopperabaletti.fi/en/xr-stage/) 24. How to use virtual reality in opera stage production – Case Varjo & FNOB - [https://varjo.com/press-release/finnish-national-opera-and-ballets-turandot-becomes-the-first-production-to-utilize-varjos-xr-technology/](https://varjo.com/press-release/finnish-national-opera-and-ballets-turandot-becomes-the-first-production-to-utilize-varjos-xr-technology/) 25. FNOB first to use Varjo immersive technology for an entire production - Architosh - [https://architosh.com/2023/02/fnob-first-to-use-varjo-immersive-technology-for-entire-production/](https://architosh.com/2023/02/fnob-first-to-use-varjo-immersive-technology-for-entire-production/) 26. Varjo, Finnish National Opera and Ballet Debut Immersive Opera - XR Today - [https://www.xrtoday.com/virtual-reality/varjo-finnish-national-opera-and-ballet-debut-immersive-opera/](https://www.xrtoday.com/virtual-reality/varjo-finnish-national-opera-and-ballet-debut-immersive-opera/) 27. A symphony of technology: Finnish National Opera creates entire set in VR - [https://mixed-news.com/en/finnish-national-opera-uses-virtual-reality-for-stage-production/](https://mixed-news.com/en/finnish-national-opera-uses-virtual-reality-for-stage-production/) 28. A New Standard in Stage Design, Opera, and Theater Production - Younite-AI - [https://younite.ai/stage-design-opera-and-theater-production](https://younite.ai/stage-design-opera-and-theater-production) 29. Hello World - Creating Your First USD Stage - Universal Scene Description - [https://openusd.org/docs/Hello-World---Creating-Your-First-USD-Stage.html](https://openusd.org/docs/Hello-World---Creating-Your-First-USD-Stage.html) 30. AYON Pipeline - USD Experimental Integration - News - Ynput community - [https://community.ynput.io/t/ayon-pipeline-usd-experimental-integration/1791](https://community.ynput.io/t/ayon-pipeline-usd-experimental-integration/1791) 31. YOUnite - Redpoint Global - [https://www.redpointglobal.com/partners/younite/](https://www.redpointglobal.com/partners/younite/) 32. National Theatre London | AutoCAD Customer Story - [https://www.autodesk.com/customer-stories/national-theatre-london](https://www.autodesk.com/customer-stories/national-theatre-london) 33. Event Preevue - Accredited Visualisation Partner - [https://www.preevue.com/events/event-accredited-partner](https://www.preevue.com/events/event-accredited-partner) 34. Theatre Digital Twins - Preevue - [https://www.preevue.com/theatre/theatre-digital-twins](https://www.preevue.com/theatre/theatre-digital-twins) 35. Virtual Reality For Theatre Planning - Preevue - [https://www.preevue.com/theatre/virtual-reality-theatre-planning](https://www.preevue.com/theatre/virtual-reality-theatre-planning) 36. Preevue - Laser Scanning and Digital Twin Specialists - [https://www.preevue.com/](https://www.preevue.com/) 37. Paramount Signs Multi-Year Deal With Digital Twin Studio Preevue - Preevue News - [https://www.preevue.com/news/paramount-signs-multi-year-deal-with-digital-twin-studio-preevue](https://www.preevue.com/news/paramount-signs-multi-year-deal-with-digital-twin-studio-preevue) 38. Spatial Computing explored in Deloitte Tech Trends - [https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/tech-trends.html](https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/tech-trends.html) 39. Preevue.com - The Wayback Machine - [https://www.google.com/search?q=https://web.archive.org/web/20250000000000*/preevue.com](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://web.archive.org/web/20250000000000*/preevue.com&authuser=1) ## Section 5 - Impact - ScienceDirect Article Abstract (Digital Twins for Lighting Analysis) - [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167739X24000359](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167739X24000359) - ResearchGate Publication (Digital Twins for Lighting Analysis) - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361005543_Digital_Twins_for_Lighting_Analysis_Literature_Review_Challenges_and_Research_Opportunities](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361005543_Digital_Twins_for_Lighting_Analysis_Literature_Review_Challenges_and_Research_Opportunities) - TU Delft Repository (Digital Twins for Lighting Analysis PDF) - [https://www.google.com/search?q=https://pure.tudelft.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/177092106/1-s2.0-S0167739X24000359-main.pdf](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://pure.tudelft.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/177092106/1-s2.0-S0167739X24000359-main.pdf&authuser=1) - ARRI SkyPanel X Innovation (Digital Twin) - [https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.arri.com/en/lighting/led-panel-lights/skypanel-x/innovation%23digital-twin](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://www.arri.com/en/lighting/led-panel-lights/skypanel-x/innovation%23digital-twin&authuser=1) - Open Fixture Library - [https://open-fixture-library.org](https://open-fixture-library.org) - ESTA Technical Standards Program - [https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/index.html](https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/index.html) - Artistic Licence (Art-Net Protocol Owner) - [https://artisticlicence.com](https://artisticlicence.com) - The Institution of Lighting Professionals (ILP) - [https://theilp.org.uk](https://theilp.org.uk)